What are the different factors responsible for the origin of Indian Monsoon? Explain with process. 6 marks 2007

Monsoon is derived from the arabic world Mausum meaning the seasonal reversal of winds. Various factors responsible for the origin of Indian Monsoon are as follows:-

Under the extreme low pressure condition on land, the wind from the southern part of the Indian Ocean (south of Equator) is attracted towards the subcontinent of India.
The air corning from oceans towards land is warm and moist.
When land barriers like mountain ranges and plateaus come in the way of the moisture-laden winds, they ascend and result into saturation, condensation, and precipitation
the Northern Hemisphere during winter season, there develops high pressure areas near Baikal Lake (Siberia), and Peshawar {Pakistan).
the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean {south of Japan) remain relatively warm, having low pressure areas.
There is an outflow of air from the high pressure of the land to the low pressure areas of the oceans.
The air blowing from high pressure areas of land towards the sea is cold and dry.
This cold and dry air is incapable of giving precipitation unless it comes into contact with some water body (ocean/sea)
Besides differential heating, the origin and development of monsoon are also influenced by the shape of the continents, orography, and the conditions of air circulation in the upper troposphere.
Development of equatorial westerly because of inter tropical convergence.
Role of Tropical easterly jet stream and westerly jet stream in onset and withdrawal of monsoon.
El Nino and La Nina effect

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